Security

Overview

The effective provision of security and justice is one of the main requirements for a peaceful society and sustained social and economic development. This is particularly important in post-settlement or post-conflict countries, where sources of insecurity may be exacerbated by the actual and anticipated return of ex-combatants, refugees and internally displaced persons to areas of minimal or degraded state presence. Depending on their training, pay, motivation and professionalism, security forces may be part of the solution or part of the problem.

Alert works to connect up the experiences and concerns of those who are the intended beneficiaries of security-enhancing programmes with the donors, policy makers and implementers in order to improve both policy and practice. Working with governments, civil society and community groups to ensure that security and justice is provided is one of the major elements of strategic peacebuilding.

Our objectives are to:

  • Advocate for improved effectiveness of policies and programmes aimed at establishing and improving security and justice in conflict-affected contexts.
  • Ensure that such policies and programmes are grounded in local realities and perceptions of what security and justice means, including a clear understanding of the actors and institutions, state or non-state, that provide or enable security, and how and why various elements of society seek to access justice in different ways.
  • Advocate for a broader range of actors and activities to be considered in the planning, implementation and oversight of justice and security system reforms (JSSR).

Where

Alert’s security and justice team works across the world in association with our country programmes and partners, including in Nepal, Uganda, Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone. It also pursues high level advocacy and training in the UK and with EU, UN and other international institutions, donors and peacebuilding organisations.

How

In order to promote a more people-centred approach to security provision and to improve access to justice for all, Alert works with communities, civil society organisations, formal and informal security and justice providers, local and national governments, donor institutions and intergovernmental organisations.

Our research focuses on in-depth participatory research in communities affected by or vulnerable to violent conflict to develop an understanding of security and justice issues and perceptions within their local context. Specific research and cross-learning between contexts allows us to develop a reliable evidence base for our programmatic interventions and advocacy.

In promoting accompaniment, dialogue and communication between stakeholders we seek to broaden the debate to include those who are not typically involved in ‘security’ discussions, for example, women’s groups, civil society more broadly, the aid/development community and business actors.

Building on our research and partnerships, our international advocacy works to connect national, regional and international actors and mechanisms involved in policy formulation with local and national actors and structures involved in security policy implementation and practice.
Training courses are delivered at all levels, from capacity-building of our local partners, community groups and country offices to high-level courses for politicians and security practitioners.

Why

In conflict-affected countries, specific sections of society or even the majority of the population often face ongoing threats to their safety and security which are unlikely to be mitigated in the immediate future. Alert’s approach to the security aspects of peacebuilding is based on our analysis of where these threats come from and why, and how the services and institutions within society address or fail to address them.

Contact Person : 
Richard Reeve
Title: 
Manager, Security and Peacebuilding

Publications

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Security and Justice Provision in Post-Conflict Nepal

Sexual and gender-based violence is one of five key security challenges currently facing Nepal. Left untackled, such violence, plus the increase in armed groups; proliferation of small arms and light weapons; rises in crime and political strikes pose a serious risk to the peace process. This paper provides insight into how to strengthen security and justice responses to the principle risk for women in post-conflict Nepal, sexual and gender-based violence. Three broad recommendations are proposed to international donors, particularly the EU.

Wed, 12/15/2010
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Snapshot series 1

This snapshot briefing paper looks at the situation of security and justice provision in Rasuwa district in the central region of Nepal. This sparsely populated mountain district is situated due north of Kathmandu and shares a border with China on its northern side. The security situation in Rasuwa district is fair in comparison to many other districts, particularly those in the Terai where the police struggle to control the activities of numerous armed and criminal groups. In contrast to the Terai districts where levels of gender based violence are extremely high, this district populated by 63.75 percent of Tamang ethnicity has different story to tell. This briefing assesses security and justice provision against this backdrop and outlines implications for national and international policy-makers.

Sun, 11/14/2010
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Snapshot series 1

This snapshot briefing paper looks at the situation of security and justice provision in Mahottari district in the central Terai region of Nepal. Mahottari is a border district where the police struggle to control the activities of numerous armed and criminal groups, and levels of gender based violence are extremely high. This briefing assesses security and justice provision against this backdrop and outlines implications for national and international policy-makers.

Sun, 11/14/2010
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Country Case Study: Nepal

This briefing paper aims to outline priorities for international community support for the effective and accountable provision of security and justice in Nepal. It aims to highlight the need for utilising a participatory approaches in the promotion of people-centred reform of the security and justice system. There is growing political will to address these issues on a national and international level, yet the international community could improve its response with improved coordination and increasing the capacity of local actors to participate in any future justice and security sector reform process.

Mon, 11/01/2010
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This briefing paper focuses on Lofa County in northern Liberia, one of the areas worst affected by conflict in the Mano River Union. It forms part of International Alert’s work to address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between local actors in the leeward counties and those in Monrovia. Each briefing in this series aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular county and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. It is based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Security Cluster of the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

Mon, 11/01/2010
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This briefing paper focuses on Grand Gedeh County in southeast Liberia, one of the areas worst affected by conflict in the Mano River Union. It forms part of International Alert’s work to address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between local actors in the leeward counties and those in Monrovia. Each briefing in this series aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular county and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. It is based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Security Cluster of the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

Mon, 11/01/2010
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This briefing paper focuses on Bong County in central Liberia, one of the areas worst affected by conflict in the Mano River Union. It forms part of International Alert’s work to address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between local actors in the leeward counties and those in Monrovia. Each briefing in this series aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular county and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. It is based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Security Cluster of the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

Mon, 11/01/2010
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National-Level Implementation of Resolution 1325 (2000)

This report reviews different approaches to the implementation of international Women, Peace and Security frameworks, focusing particularly on UN Security Council Resolution 1325. It focuses on how the resolution can be incorporated into concrete policy guidelines and programmatic initiatives and highlights good practices and lessons learnt over the last decades. It is expected that the information and examples contained in the review will support and advance the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of more and stronger Women, Peace and Security action plans that will turn Resolution 1325 into a living reality to improve the situation of women affected by conflict.

Sun, 10/31/2010
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These ‘snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

This snapshot focuses on Rukum, a district in the western hill region at the heart of the Maoist conflict. This briefing examines the security situation in the district four years after the signing of the peace agreement.

Fri, 10/01/2010
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These ‘snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project.

This snapshot focuses on Dang, a district in the western Terai where political party youth wings are increasingly blamed for exacerbating insecurity.

Fri, 10/01/2010
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These ‘snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project. This snapshot focuses on Bara, a district in the central Terai where the activities of armed groups are contributing to feelings of insecurity.

Fri, 10/01/2010
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Peacebuilding essentials for economic development practitioners

This practice note explains what economic development planners and practitioners can do to support the socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants. It will assist you in your efforts to mobilise economic actors to play a constructive role in reintegration processes. The socioeconomic reintegration of former combatants is important and relevant for economic development planners and practitioners as successful reintegration will increase security and stability; both necessary pre-conditions for economic development, business expansion and the reduction of costs and risks of doing business. Simultaneously, economic recovery and business expansion are essential preconditions for successful socio-economic reintegration, as most ex-combatants will need to find employment in the private sector.

Wed, 09/15/2010
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Élaborer des Solutions d’Avenir

Cette note de synthèse a pour but de faire connaître plus amplement la Résolution 1325, en se fondant sur le travail de International Alert dans la région de l’URM au cours de ces dernières années. Le premier chapitre expose brièvement la nécessité d’adapter la mise en oeuvre de la Résolution 1325 à des contextes particuliers, comme la Sierra Leone et le Libéria en situation de post-conflit, et la Guinée souvent exposée à des situations de conflit. Après avoir examiné les questions essentielles et les thèmes prioritaires sur l’ensemble des trois pays, le chapitre suivant esquisse les grandes lignes d’un programme de mise en oeuvre de la Résolution 1325 dans la région de l’URM. Les trois volets composant ce programme abordent les besoins des femmes en matière de sécurité, leur participation politique et la mise en œuvre d’une législation et de politiques visant l’égalité des genres. Cette note de synthèse se termine par les quatre recommandations suivantes pour pérenniser et mettre en valeur le travail effectué autour de la Résolution 1325 en Guinée, au Libéria et en Sierra Leone.

1. (Mieux) tirer parti de ce qui existe : engager le dialogue avec les responsables du système juridique coutumier.
2. Considerer les violences sexuelles et liées au genre : mobiliser les communautés par l’intermédiaire d’agents de changement.
3. Questions économiques : aborder la dimension économique du genre, de la paix et de la sécurité.
4. Passer de la théorie à l’action : investir intelligemment dans la société civile.

  1. Working (better) with what exists: Engage custodians of the customary justice system.
  2. Address sexual and gender-based violence: Mobilise communities through change agents.
  3. Economics matters: Address the economic dimension of gender, peace and security.
  4. From plans to action: Make smart investments in civil society.
Wed, 09/01/2010
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Charting a Way Forward

This briefing note seeks to contribute to the knowledge on Resolution 1325, building on International Alert’s work in the MRU region during the last few years. The first section briefly discusses the need to adjust the approach to implementing Resolution 1325 in challenging contexts such as post-conflict Sierra Leone and Liberia and conflict-prone Guinea. Based on a brief discussion of salient issues and thematic priorities across the three countries, the subsequent section sketches the contours of a comprehensive agenda for implementing Resolution 1325 in the MRU region. The three components of this agenda are addressing women's security needs, enhancing their political participation, and implementing gender equality legislation and policies. The briefing note ends with the following four broad recommendations to sustain and enhance work on Resolution 1325 in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone:
1. Working (better) with what exists: Engage custodians of the customary justice system.
2. Address sexual and gender-based violence: Mobilise communities through change agents.
3. Economics matters: Address the economic dimension of gender, peace and security.
4. From plans to action: Make smart investments in civil society.

Wed, 09/01/2010
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Empowering Women to Counter Gender-based Violence in Border Communities

Sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) has been one of the major legacies of the 14-year (1989-2003) regional conflict in the Mano River Union (MRU). In response, in 2008 International Alert and its partners designed an initiative targeting war-affected communities in nine border areas of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone. This Human Security in the MRU project has challenged knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning SGBV in order to reduce perpetration and the stigmatisation of survivors, and provided information, counselling and advocacy in order to guide men and women through prevention and redress actions. This report aims to capture the experiences of the project in the context of work in three interlinked but quite specific country contexts. It looks at the extent of SGBV and domestic violence as experienced in the target communities, details the challenges and best practices of project staff in their attempts to raise awareness and change attitudes and practices, and analyses the particular challenges of providing security and accessing justice (statutory or customary) in the various target communities. It concludes with a series of recommendations for the improved provision of security and justice for women, girls and other vulnerable groups within the MRU.

Sat, 05/15/2010
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Autonomisation des Femmes Pour Répondre à la Violence Basée Sur le Genre Dans les Communautés Frontalières

La violence sexuelle et sexo-spécifique (sexual and gender-based violence : SGBV) est l’une des principales séquelles du conflit régional qui a déchiré pendant quatorze ans (1989-2003) les pays de l’Union du Fleuve Mano (UFM). En réponse, International Alert et ses partenaires ont conçu en 2008 une initiative ciblant les communautés affectées par la guerre dans neuf régions frontalières en Guinée, Libéria et Sierra Leone. Ce projet de ‘Sécurité humaine dans l’UFM’ a remis en cause les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques locales en matière de violence sexuelle et sexo-spécifique afin de réduire la fréquence de ces actes et la stigmatisation des victimes. Le projet a aussi mis à disposition des hommes et des femmes de la région une base solide d’information, d’assistance et de plaidoyer pour les guider vers des actions de prévention et de réparation. Le présent rapport se propose de cerner les expériences du projet dans le cadre du travail effectué dans les contextes respectifs liés, mais assez spécifiques, des trois pays. Il examine l’ampleur de la SGBV et de la violence familiale telles que vécues dans les communautés cibles, expose en détail les défis et les meilleures pratiques du personnel du projet dans ses efforts visant à sensibiliser et à changer les attitudes et les pratiques, puis il analyse les défis particuliers qu’il faut relever pour assurer l’accès à la sécurité et à la justice (statutaire ou coutumière) dans les différentes communautés cibles. Il conclut par une série de recommandations en vue de l’amélioration de l’accès à la sécurité et à la justice pour les femmes, les filles et autres groupes vulnérables au sein de l’UFM.

Sat, 05/15/2010
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This collection of papers by researchers from Georgia and Abkhazia offers an analysis of international engagement in the Georgian-Abkhaz conflict resolution process since the early 90s, with a specific focus on post-August 2008 and the departure of the UN Observer Mission in 2009. Papers assess the impact of non-governmental peacebuilding initiatives, the effectiveness of the ‘Geneva discussions’ co-facilitated by the UN, EU and OSCE, and explore prospects for Abkhaz engagement with the international community. Together, the papers make a powerful argument for the de-isolation of Abkhazia and for continued direct and impartial engagement by both governmental and non-governmental organisations.

Sat, 05/01/2010
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International Alert is seeking to build on previous initiatives to inform and advance EU thinking on the reintegration of ex-combatants into post-conflict societies and economies. This is the second of two briefing papers produced as part of a year-long initiative aimed at reinvigorating the debate on reintegration. Based on research in Burundi, Liberia and Nepal, it discusses why the lessons of past reintegration programmes are not being learned and what implications this has for future EU disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programming. It was used in draft form to inform discussions at an Alert Roundtable held in Brussels in November 2009.

Mon, 03/01/2010
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A Discussion Document

Inter-community violence and successive wars and rebellions have caused large-scale displacement of populations in the Great Lakes region of Africa. And when refugees and internally displaced people return, that can be the pretext for further outbreaks of violence. The displacement of people and also their return can often be exploited by political interests, and even if the people themselves are not being manipulated, rumours and false information can be orchestrated to heighten fears and tensions between communities. All these things are happening to some degree in the east of DRC, particularly at present in North Kivu. This short report is issued by International Alert to warn of the dangers and advocate action that should be taken.

Fri, 01/01/2010
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Understanding And Addressing Key Challenges

International Alert is seeking to build on previous initiatives to inform and advance EU thinking on the reintegration of ex-combatants into post-conflict societies and economies. This is the second of two briefing papers produced as part of a year-long initiative aimed at reinvigorating the debate on reintegration. Based on research in Burundi, Liberia and Nepal, it discusses why the lessons of past reintegration programmes are not being learned and what implications this has for future EU disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) programming. It was used in draft form to inform discussions at an Alert Roundtable held in Brussels in November 2009.

Tue, 12/01/2009
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What Role for the European Union?

A major challenge to improving human security and establishing sustainable peace in countries emerging from violent conflict is how to reintegrate ex-combatants into a peacetime society and economy. This is the first of two briefing papers produced as part of a year-long initiative aimed at reinvigorating the debate on reintegration. It aims to provide a platform for linking a broader range of actors who could be involved in ensuring the related aspects of the disarmament, demobilisation and reintegration (DDR) concept move beyond policy to practice, and to explore what role the EU can play in reintegration. It discusses why socio-economic reintegration is important, what challenges it faces, what approaches are being pursued, and what factors constrain successful implementation. It was used in draft form to inform discussions at an Alert Roundtable held in Brussels in September 2009.

Sun, 11/01/2009
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This paper presents the separate analyses of both Georgian and Abkhaz civil society experts on the need for security guarantees, the reasons why the sides have been unable to agree on them as well as barriers and opportunities for future agreements. In itself, the document reflects the achievement of Alert’s long-term engagement as a facilitator of dialogue between Georgian and Abkhaz civil society leaders. It reflects an advance in the dialogue process while contributing to the debate around security guarantees. This publication is an attempt to present a new analytical framework for dialogue to stimulate communication and debate across the conflict divide. It should be of equal interest to Georgian and Abkhaz societies, hopefully bringing the perspective of the other side into internal debates, while helping international actors with an interest in peaceful resolution of the conflict to understand Georgian & Abkhaz perspectives better.

Tue, 09/01/2009
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Диалоговый процесс по гарантиям безопасности в контексте грузино- абхазского конфликта

В данном отчете представлен анализ мнений грузинских и абхазских общественных экспертов о необходимости создания гарантий безопасности, причин, по которым стороны не смогли достичь соглашения по этому поводу, а также возможности будущих соглашений. Как таковой, документ отражает достижения долговременного участия организации "Интернэшнл Алерт" (International Alert) в развитии диалога между лидерами грузинского и абхазского гражданского общества. Он освещает продвижение в процессе диалога, в то же время представляя свой вклад в дискуссию о гарантиях безопасности. Эта публикация - попытка представить новые рамки анализа диалога в целях стимулировать общение и обсуждение через границы конфликта. Как для грузинского, так и для абхазского общества представляет интерес вовлечение другой стороны во внутреннюю дискуссию, что также помогло бы международным игрокам, имеющим интересы в мирном разрешении конфлита, понять грузинскую и абхазскую стороны лучше.

Tue, 09/01/2009
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Kailali

The ‘Snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebulding project. Snapshot 1.1 focuses on Kailali a rural Terai district where ethnic tensions threaten to escalate.

Fri, 05/01/2009
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Morang

The ‘Snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebulding project. Snapshot 1.2 focuses on Morang an industrial hub hit hard by unrest in the eastern Terai region.

Fri, 05/01/2009
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The ‘Snapshot’ briefings are part of a longer-term initiative by International Alert to help address the current gaps in knowledge and understanding between those actors at the district level and those in Kathmandu. Each briefing aims to outline current security and justice needs and challenges in a particular district, and advance constructive recommendations for ways in which national and international actors could address these challenges. The briefings are based on research undertaken as part of Alert’s work for the Initiative for Peacebuilding project. Snapshot 1.3 focuses on Jumla a remote hill district where the vast majority of the population lacks access to formal security and justice mechanisms.

Fri, 05/01/2009
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Afghanistan • Democratic Republic of Congo Nepal • Northern Ireland • Sri Lanka

The Global Monitoring Checklist is a pilot research project designed to contribute towards international understanding on women, peace and security efforts. It highlights relevant activities at the local and national level by women, civil society, national governments and the international community. It is not a comprehensive survey of all initiatives relating to women, peace and security; rather, it is a first step in gathering and collating information that links directly to UNSCR 1325 implementation. International Alert is an active member Gender Action for Peace and Security UK (GAPS) and also hosts the working group at the London offices. GAPS is a research and advocacy group working to bridge the gap between the realities of women (activists and non-activists) at the local level in conflict and post-conflict regions with UK decision makers and practitioners working on peace and security.

Sun, 03/01/2009
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Rumeurs, préjugés, stéréotypes et mythes parmi les peuples des pays des Grands Lacs d’Afrique

Cette première édition du Réseau d’Analystes Régionaux (RAN) montre à partir de plusieurs perspectives comment la question des Rumeurs, des Mythes, des Stéréotypes et des Préjugés affecte le conflit. Les chercheurs ont consulté beaucoup de citoyens ordinaires de même que des décideurs politiques et leaders d'opinion. La recherche a capté des informations qui ne sont pas, ou très peu, documentées. La même originalité des conclusions fournit des vues nouvelles et passionnantes qui vont susciter l'intérêt de tous. Les recommandations communes proposées sont d'une nature concrète et pratique et seront utiles aux décideurs politiques, tant à l'intérieur qu’à l’extérieur de la région, pour traiter les questions tournant autour des conflits dans cette région complexe.

Sun, 02/01/2009
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Rumours, Prejudice, Stereotypes and Myths Amongst the People of the Great lakes Region of Africa

This first report from the Regional Analysts Network, based on three separate, detailed studies of different locations in the Great Lakes region, demonstrates the power of rumours, myths, stereotypes and prejudices to fuel conflict. Based on interviews with ordinary citizens as well as political decision-makers and opinion-leaders, the report presents material which has hitherto been little documented, and draws original conclusions that will be of interest to a wide readership. This consolidated report makes concrete and practical recommendations, and will help decision-makers both inside and outside the Great Lakes by throwing light on the conflict issues affecting this complex region.

Sun, 02/01/2009
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News

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Small grants to support innovative advocacy initiatives
Bringing together local youth and community security providers
What role for the private sector?
International Alert and women get together for peace
Empowering Guineans to prevent and resolve election-related conflicts
Exploring the security implications of climate change in South Asia
Working towards an equitable economic recovery in Nepal
Alert’s research on security and justice in Liberia’s Lofa County
The authors of Alert's new climate change report for ABC News
International Alert's Secretary General on COP 15
Understanding and managing climate and conflict risks
Conflict-sensitive adaptation to climate change
A comprehensive approach to peacebuilding
What role for the European Union?
The double-headed risk of climate change and conflict
Improving the impact of peacebuilding